Interfaces of the Agriculture 4.0

The introduction of information technologies in the environmental field is impacting and changing even a traditional sector like agriculture. Nevertheless, Agriculture 4.0 and data-driven decisions should meet user needs and expectations. The paper presents a broad theoretical overview, discussing both the strategic role of design applied to Agri-tech and the issue of User Interface and Interaction as enabling tools in the field. In particular, the paper suggests to rethink the HCD approach, moving on a Human-Decentered Design approach that put together user-technology-environment and the importance of the role of calm technologies as a way to place the farmer, not as a final target and passive spectator, but as an active part of the process to aim the process of mitigation, appropriation from a traditional cultivation method to the 4.0 one

Comparative analysis of the differences between using LiDAR and contour-based DEMs for hydrological modeling of runoff generating debris flows in the Dolomites

Present work aims to explore the differences in hydrological modeling when using digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by points from LiDAR surveys and those digitized on the contour lines of the regional technical map (RTM) and their relevance for the simulation of debris flow triggering. Hydrological models for mountainous areas are usually based on digital elevation models (DEMs). DEMs are used to determine the flow path from each pixel, by which the basin is discretized, to the outlet. Hydrological simulations of runoff that triggered debris flows occurred in two rocky headwater basins of Dolomites, Fiames Dimai (area approximately 0.03 km2) and Cancia (area approximately 0.7 km2) are carried out using a DEM-based model designed for simulating runoff that descends from headwater areas. For each basin, the runoff is simulated using DEMs that are generated using points from LiDAR, and those digitized on the contour lines of the regional technical map, respectively. The results show that the peak discharge values corresponding to the simulations carried out using the LiDAR-based DEMs are higher than those corresponding to the simulations carried out using the RTM-based DEMs. Larger differences are observed for the Dimai basin, where the area corresponding to the RTM-based DEM is markedly smaller than the area corresponding to LiDAR-based DEM, whereas for the Cancia basin, the two areas are similar. Both the differences in the peak discharge and the basin area are due to the poor accuracy of the contour-based DEM (i.e., elevation accuracy), that is, a poor representation of the morphological features that leads to errors on the watershed divide and simplifications of the flow paths from each cell to the outlet. This result is highly relevant for estimating the triggering conditions of runoff generated debris flows. An incorrect simulated value of peak discharge can lead to errors both in planning countermeasures against debris flows and in predicting their occurrence

Evaluating the Differences of Gridding Techniques for Digital Elevation Models Generation and Their Influence on the Modeling of Stony Debris Flows Routing: A Case Study From Rovina di Cancia Basin (North-Eastern Italian Alps)

Debris \ufb02ows are among the most hazardous phenomena in mountain areas. To cope with debris \ufb02ow hazard, it is common to delineate the risk-prone areas through routing models. The most important input to debris \ufb02ow routing models are the topographic data, usually in the form of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The quality of DEMs depends on the accuracy, density, and spatial distribution of the sampled points; on the characteristics of the surface; and on the applied gridding methodology. Therefore, the choice of the interpolation method affects the realistic representation of the channel and fan morphology, and thus potentially the debris \ufb02ow routing modeling outcomes. In this paper, we initially investigate the performance of common interpolation methods (i.e., linear triangulation, natural neighbor, nearest neighbor, Inverse Distance to a Power, ANUDEM, Radial Basis Functions, and ordinary kriging) in building DEMs with the complex topography of a debris \ufb02ow channel located in the Venetian Dolomites (North-eastern Italian Alps), by using small footprint full- waveform Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. The investigation is carried out through a combination of statistical analysis of vertical accuracy, algorithm robustness, and spatial clustering of vertical errors, and multi-criteria shape reliability assessment. After that, we examine the in\ufb02uence of the tested interpolation algorithms on the performance of a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based cell model for simulating stony debris \ufb02ows routing. In detail, we investigate both the correlation between the DEMs heights uncertainty resulting from the gridding procedure and that on the corresponding simulated erosion/deposition depths, both the effect of interpolation algorithms on simulated areas, erosion and deposition volumes, solid-liquid discharges, and channel morphology after the event. The comparison among the tested interpolation methods highlights that the ANUDEM and ordinary kriging algorithms are not suitable for building DEMs with complex topography. Conversely, the linear triangulation, the natural neighbor algorithm, and the thin-plate spline plus tension and completely regularized spline functions ensure the best trade-off among accuracy and shape reliability. Anyway, the evaluation of the effects of gridding techniques on debris \ufb02ow routing modeling reveals that the choice of the interpolation algorithm does not signi\ufb01cantly affect the model outcomes

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Una riconosciuta vocazione

Editoriale del numero dedicato all'alta moda e al design del gioiello nel Lazi

Impulsi dall'etere

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La ricerca come driver d'innovazione.

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Orgoglio del Lazio

Editoriale del numero dedicato al settore degli audiovisivi e al multimedia design nel Lazi

Largo alla sperimentazione

editoriale del numero dedicato al Transportation design nel Lazio

The debris flow occurred at ru secco creek, venetian dolomites, on 4 august 2015: Analysis of the phenomenon, its characteristics and reproduction by models

On 4 August 2015, a very high intensity storm, 31.5 mm in 20 min (94.5 mm/h), hit the massif of Mount Antelao on the Venetian Dolomites triggering three stony debris \ufb02ows characterized by high magnitude. Two of them occurred in the historical sites of Rovina di Cancia and Rudan Creek and were stopped by the retaining works upstream the inhabited areas, while the third routed along the Ru Secco Creek and progressively reached the resort area and the village of San Vito di Cadore, causing fatalities and damages. The main triggering factor of the Ru Secco debris \ufb02ow was a large rock collapse on the northern cliffs of Mount Antelao occurred the previous autumn. The fallen debris material deposited on the Vallon d\u2019Antrimoia inclined plateau at the base of the collapsed cliffs and, below it, on the Ru Salvela Creek, covering it from the head to the con\ufb02uence with the Ru Secco Creek. The abundant runoff, caused by the high intensity rainfall on 4 August 2015, entrained about 52,500 m3 of the debris material laying on the Vallon d\u2019Antrimoia forming a debris \ufb02ow surge that hit and eroded the debris deposit covering the downstream Ru Salvela Creek, increasing its volume, about 110,000 m3 of mobilized sediments. This debris \ufb02ow routed downstream the con\ufb02uence, \ufb02ooding the parking of a resort area where three people died, and reached the village downstream damaging some buildings. A geomorphological analysis was initially carried out after surveying the whole basin. All liquid and solid-liquid contributions to the phenomenon were recognized together with the areas subjected to erosion and deposition. The elaboration of pre and post-event topographical surveys provided the map of deposition-erosion depths. Using the rainfall estimated by weather radar and corrected by the nearest rain gauge, about 0.8 km far, we estimated runoff by using a rainfall-runoff model designed for the headwater rocky basins of Dolomites. A triggering model provided the debris \ufb02ow hydrographs in the initiation areas, after using the simulated runoff. The initial solid-liquid surge hydrographs were, then, routed downstream by means of a cell model. The comparison between the simulated and estimated deposition-erosion pattern resulted satisfactory. The results of the simulation captured, in fact, the main features of the occurred phenomenon